TLR2-Dependent Inflammatory Response toPorphyromonas gingivalisIs MyD88 Independent, whereas MyD88 Is Required To Clear Infection

Myd88 Is Required for an Antibody Response to Retroviral Infection

Although retroviruses have been extensively studied for many years, basic questions about how retroviral infections are detected by the immune system and which innate pathways are required for the generation of immune responses remain unanswered. Defining these pathways and how they contribute to the anti-retroviral immune responses would assist in the development of more effective vaccines for...

Proinflammatory cytokine production in liver regeneration is Myd88-dependent, but independent of Cd14, Tlr2, and Tlr4.

TNF and IL-6 are considered to be important to the initiation or priming phase of liver regeneration. However, the signaling pathways that lead to the production of these cytokines after partial hepatectomy (PH) have not been identified. Enteric-derived LPS appears to be important to liver regeneration, possibly by stimulating proinflammatory cytokine production after surgery. To determine whet...

Inflammatory Response to Inhaled Endotoxin Required for MyD88-Dependent Pulmonary Both Hemopoietic and Resident Cells Are

TLR2 and TLR4 Mediate Differential Responses to Limb Ischemia through MyD88-Dependent and Independent Pathways

INTRODUCTION The danger signal HMGB1 is released from ischemic myocytes, and mediates angiogenesis in the setting of hindlimb ischemia. HMGB1 is a ligand for innate immune receptors TLR2 and TLR4. While both TLR2 and TLR4 signal through myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TLR4 also uniquely signals through TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF). We hypothesize that TL...

Skin Commensal Yeast Activation of Mast Cell IgE Responses by the TLR2/MyD88-Dependent and -Independent